胡海英

姓名:胡海英                         

单位代码:132852

姓名_英文:HU HAIYING

性别:女

 

通讯地址:贵州省贵阳市观山湖区林城西路99

职称:研究员

职务:研究员

 

简历:

2002.09−2006.06 中南大学 地球物理专业 工学学士

2006.09−2012.01 中国科学院地球化学研究所 地球化学专业 理学博士

2012.02−2014.12 中国科学院地球化学研究所 助理研究员

2012.12−2013.07 美国耶鲁大学地质与地球物理系 访问学者

2016.03−2017.03 美国纽约州立大学石溪分校矿物物理研究所 访问学者

2019.10−2020.07 美国耶鲁大学地球与行星科学系 访问学者

2015.01−2023.12 中国科学院地球化学研究所 副研究员

2024.01至今    中国科学院地球化学研究所 研究员

 

简历_英文:

2002/9−2006/6 Central South University, BS in Geology

2006/9−2012/01 Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PhD in Geochemistry

2012.02−2014.12 Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Assistant Professor

2012.12−2013.07 Geology and Geophysics department in Yale University, Visiting Scholar.

2013.03−2017.03 Mineral Physics Institute, Stony Brook University in New York, Visiting Scholar.

2019.10−2020.07 Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences in Yale University, Visiting Scholar

2015.01−2023.12 Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Associate Professor

2024.01−present Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Professor

 

研究方向:

高温高压下矿物岩石电学性质和电各向异性的实验与计算;

高温高压流体物理性质与实验技术;

俯冲带和大陆地壳电磁异常成因的实验研究;

深部挥发分(水和碳)循环及挥发分对壳幔物理性质影响的实验研究;

 

 

研究方向_英文:

High-Pressure Mineral Physics and electrical anisotropy

The origin of high conductivity anomalies in Earth’s Interior;

The deep water and carbon cycle in Earth’s interior;

Physical properties of fluids and experimental techniques at high temperature and high pressure;窗体顶端



电子邮件:huhaiying@vip.gyig.ac.cn

 

 

承担科研项目情况:

1. 国家自然科学基金面上项目 (42274137):俯冲带含碳流体和熔体的电导率实验研究及对深部碳循环的启示(2023.01-2026.12),主持,执行;

2. 中国科学院西部青年学者”A类项目:地壳主要矿物在地球深部条件下电学性质的实验研究2019.01-2021.12),主持,结题;

3. 中国科学院青年创新促进会专项基金 2019.01-2022.12),结题;

4. 国家自然科学基金面上项目 (41772042: 俯冲带中主要含水矿物的电导率实验研究及其对高导异常成因的启示 (2018.01-2021.12, 主持,结题;

5. 国家自然科学基金青年基金项目 (41304068):高温高压下不同成分斜长石电导率的实验研究及地球物理意义 (2014.01-2016.12),主持,已结题;

6. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所地球与行星物理重点实验室开放基金(DQXX201501):温度、压力和化学成分对斜长石电导率影响的实验研究及地球物理意义 (2015.01-2016.12),主持,已结题;

7. 中国科学院西部之光博士项目:在地壳温压条件下水对长石矿物电导率影响的实验研究(2014.01-2016.112),主持,已结题;

8. 贵州省科学技术基金 (黔科合J[2013]2285): 高温高压下斜长石电导率的实验研究及地球物理应用 (2013.4-2016.04),主持,已结题;

 

学科类别:矿物物理

学科类别_英文:Mineral Physics

学历:博士                

学历_英文:doctor

 

代表论著:

(1)    Haiying Hu, Chuanyu Yin, Lidong Dai, Jinhua Lai, Yiqi Chen, Pengfei Wang, Jinlong Zhu, Songbai Han. The Role of α−β Quartz Transition in Fluid Storage in Crust From the Evidence of Electrical Conductivity. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2024,129, e2024JB029140. doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029140

(2)    Hu Ziming, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Sun Wenqing, Wang Mengqi, Jing Chenxin, Yin Chuanyu, Luo Song and Lai Jinhua. Influence of anisotropy on the electrical conductivity of apatite at high temperatures and high pressures. American Mineralogist, 2024, 109(5), 814-826. https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8900

(3)    Jing Chenxin, Hu Haiying*, Dai Lidong, Sun Wenqing, Wang Mengqi, Hu Ziming. Recycled carbonates elevate the electrical conductivity of deeply subducting eclogite in the Earth’s interior. Communications Earth & Environment, 2023, 4:276.

(4)    Wang Mengqi, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Hu Ziming, Jing Chenxin, Yin Chuanyu, Luo Song and Lai Jinhua. Electrical conductivity of anhydrous and hydrous gabbroic melt under high temperature and high pressure: Implications for the high conductivity anomalies in the region of mid‒ocean ridge. Solid Earth, 2023, 14: 847–858.

(5)    Hu Haiying, Dai Lidong, Sun Wenqing, Mengqi Wang, Chenxin Jing. Constraints on fluids in the continental crust from laboratory-based electrical conductivity measurements of plagioclase, Gondwana Research, 2022, 107: 1-12.

(6)    Hu Haiying, Jing Chenxin, Dai Lidong*, Yin Chuanyu and Chen Dongmei. Electrical conductivity of siderite and its implication for high conductivity anomaly in the slabmantle wedge interface. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2022, 10: 985740, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.985740.

(7)    Hu Haiying, Dai Lidong*, Sun Wenqing, Zhuang Yukai, Liu Kaixiang, Yang Linfei, Pu Chang, Hong Meiling, Wang Mengqi, Hu Ziming, Jing Chenxin, Li Chuang, Yin Chuanyu and Sivaprakash Paramasivam. Some remarks on the electrical conductivity of hydrous silicate minerals in the Earth crust, upper mantle and subduction zone at high temperatures and high pressures. Minerals, 2022, 12: 161, doi:.org/10.3390/min12020161.

(8)    Hong Meiling, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Yang Linfei and Zhang Xinyu. Pressure-induced structural phase transitions in natural kaolinite investigated by Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity. American Mineralogist, 2022, 107: 385–394.

(9)    Hu Haiying, Dai Lidong, Li Heping, Sun Wenqing, Li Baosheng. Effect of dehydrogenation on the electrical conductivity of Fe-bearing amphibole: Implications for high conductivity anomalies in subduction zones and continental crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2018, 49827-37.

(10)  Hu Haiying, Dai Lidong, Li Heping, Hui Keshi, Sun Wenqing. Influence of dehydration on the electrical conductivity of epidote and implications for high conductivity anomalies in subduction zones. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2017, 122: 2751–2762.

(11)  Hu Haiying, Dai Lidong, Li Heping, Hui Keshi and Li Jia. Temperature and pressure dependence of electrical conductivity in synthetic anorthite. Solid State Ionics, 2015, 276: 136–141.

(12)  Hu Haiying, Dai Lidong, Li Heping, Jiang Jianjun and Hui Keshi. Electrical conductivity of K-feldspar at high temperature and high pressure. Mineralogy and Petrology, 2014, 108: 609–618.

(13)  Hu Haiying, Li Heping, Dai Lidong, Shan Shuangming and Zhu Chengming. Electrical conductivity of alkali feldspar solid solutions at high temperatures and high pressures. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2013, 40: 51–62.

(14)  Hu Haiying, Li Heping, Dai Lidong, Shan Shuangming and Zhu Chengming. Electrical conductivity of albite at high temperatures and high pressures. American Mineralogist, 2011, 96: 1821–1827.

(15)  Hong Meiling, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Yang Linfei and Zhang Xinyu. Pressure-induced structural phase transitions in natural kaolinite investigated by Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity. American Mineralogist, 2022, 107 (3): 385–394.

(16)  Hong Meiling, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Xinyu Zhang, Chuang Li, Yu He. Pressure-induced structural phase transition and metallization of CrCl3 under different hydrostatic environments up to 50.0 GPa. Inorganic Chemistry, 2022, 61: 48524864. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03486

(17)  Hong Meiling, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Zhang Xinyu and Li Chuang. High-temperature and high-pressure phase transition of natural barite investigated by Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity. Frontiers in Earth Science2022, 10, 864183. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.864183

(18)  Sun Wenqing, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Wang Mengqi, Hu Ziming and Jing Chenxin. Experimental research on electrical conductivity of the olivine-ilmenite system at high temperatures and high pressures. Frontiers in Earth Science2022, 10, 861003,

(19)  Wang Mengqi, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Sun Wenqing, Hu Ziming and Jing Chenxin. Effect of different mineralogical proportions on the electrical conductivity of dry hot-pressed sintering gabbro at high temperatures and pressures. Minerals2022, 12, 336.

(20)  Zhang Xinyu, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Hong Meiling, Li Chuang. Pressure-induced coupled structural-electronic transition in SnS2 under different hydrostatic environments up to 39.7 GPa. RSC Advances, 2022, 12, 2454–2461.

(21)  Sun Wenqing, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Jiang Jianjun, Wang Mengqi, Hu Ziming and Jing Chenxin. Influence of saline fluids on the electrical conductivity of olivine aggregates at high temperature and high pressure and its geological implications. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2021, 9, 749896, doi: 10.3389/feart.2021.749896.

(22)  Zhang Xinyu, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying* and Hong Meiling. Pressure-induced metallic phase transition in gallium arsenide up to 24.3 GPa under hydrostatic conditions. Modern Physics Letters B, 2021, 35, 2150460, doi: 10.1142/s0217984921504601.

(23)  Hong Meiling, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying* and Zhang Xinyu. Pressure-induced structural phase transition and metallization in Ga2Se3 up to 40.2 GPa under non-hydrostatic and hydrostatic environments. Crystals, 2021, 11: 746, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070746.

(24)  Yang Linfei, Jiang Jianjun, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Hong Meiling, Zhang Xinyu, Li Heping and Liu Pengfei. High-pressure structural phase transition and metallization in Ga2S3 under non-hydrostatic and hydrostatic conditions up to 36.4 GPa. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2021, 9: 2912–2918.

(25)  Dai Lidong, Hu Haiying*, Jiang Jianjun, Sun Wenqing, Li Heping, Wang Mengqi, Vallianatos Filippos and Saltas Vassilios*. An overview of the experimental studies on the electrical conductivity of major minerals in the upper mantle and transition zone. Materials, 2020, 13, 408, doi: 10.3390/ma13020408.

(26)  Dai Lidong, Hu Haiying*, Sun Wenqing, Li Heping, Liu Changcai and Wang Mengqi. Influence of high conductive magnetite impurity on the electrical conductivity of dry olivine aggregates at high temperature and high pressure. Minerals, 2019, 9, 44, doi: 10.3390/min9010044.

(27)  Zhang Xinyu, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying, Hong Meiling and Li Chuang. Constraints on the spin-state transition of siderite from laboratory-based Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity under high temperature and high pressure. Geoscience Frontiers, 2024, 15: 101918, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101918.

(28)  Yang Linfei, Dai Lidong*, Li Heping, Hu Haiying, Hong Meiling, Zhang Xinyu, Liu Pengfei. High-pressure investigations on the isostructural phase transition and metallization in realgar with diamond anvil cells, Geoscience Frontiers, 2021, 12(2): 1031-1037.

(29)  Sun Wenqing, Dai Lidong*, Li Heping, Hu Haiying, Jiang Jianjun, Wang Mengqi. Electrical Conductivity of Clinopyroxene-NaCl-H2O System at High Temperatures and Pressures: Implications for High-Conductivity Anomalies in the Deep Crust and Subduction Zone, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2020, 125(4): 0-e2019JB019093.

(30)  Yang Linfei, Dai Lidong*, Li Heping, Hu Haiying, Hong Meiling, Zhang Xinyu. The Phase Transition and Dehydration in Epsomite under High Temperature and High Pressure, Crystals, 2020, 10(2)0-75.

(31)  Hong Meiling, Dai Lidong*, Li Heping, Hu Haiying, Liu Kaixiang, Yang Linfei. Pu Chang. Structural Phase Transition and Metallization of Nanocrystalline Rutile Investigated by High-Pressure Raman Spectroscopy and Electrical Conductivity, Minerals, 2019, 9, 441, doi:10.3390/min9070441

(32)  亓玉清,胡海英*,代立东,孙文清,王梦琦,景称心,胡仔明; 高温高压菱镁矿电导率实验研究,矿物学报,2022, 42 (1)14-20.

(33)  刘长财, 胡海英*, 代立东, 孙文清; 压力对纯的和含硫化亚铁的橄榄石电导率影响的实验研究, 高压物理学报, 2019, (05)29-35.

(34)  胡海英,李和平,代立东和朱成明. 高温高压下钠长石的阻抗谱实验研究. 高压物理学报,2012, 26: 382–388.

(35)  胡海英,李和平,代立东和朱成明. 高温高压下微斜长石的阻抗谱实验研究. 人工晶体学报,2011, 40: 284–289.

 

代表论著_英文:

(1)    Haiying Hu, Chuanyu Yin, Lidong Dai, Jinhua Lai, Yiqi Chen, Pengfei Wang, Jinlong Zhu, Songbai Han. The Role of α−β Quartz Transition in Fluid Storage in Crust From the Evidence of Electrical Conductivity. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2024,129, e2024JB029140. doi.org/10.1029/2024JB029140

(2)    Hu Ziming, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Sun Wenqing, Wang Mengqi, Jing Chenxin, Yin Chuanyu, Luo Song and Lai Jinhua. Influence of anisotropy on the electrical conductivity of apatite at high temperatures and high pressures. American Mineralogist, 2024, 109(5), 814-826. https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2022-8900

(3)    Jing Chenxin, Hu Haiying*, Dai Lidong, Sun Wenqing, Wang Mengqi, Hu Ziming. Recycled carbonates elevate the electrical conductivity of deeply subducting eclogite in the Earth’s interior. Communications Earth & Environment, 2023, 4:276.

(4)    Wang Mengqi, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Hu Ziming, Jing Chenxin, Yin Chuanyu, Luo Song and Lai Jinhua. Electrical conductivity of anhydrous and hydrous gabbroic melt under high temperature and high pressure: Implications for the high conductivity anomalies in the region of mid‒ocean ridge. Solid Earth, 2023, 14: 847–858.

(5)    Hu Haiying, Dai Lidong, Sun Wenqing, Mengqi Wang, Chenxin Jing. Constraints on fluids in the continental crust from laboratory-based electrical conductivity measurements of plagioclase, Gondwana Research, 2022, 107: 1-12.

(6)    Hu Haiying, Jing Chenxin, Dai Lidong*, Yin Chuanyu and Chen Dongmei. Electrical conductivity of siderite and its implication for high conductivity anomaly in the slabmantle wedge interface. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2022, 10: 985740, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.985740.

(7)    Hu Haiying, Dai Lidong*, Sun Wenqing, Zhuang Yukai, Liu Kaixiang, Yang Linfei, Pu Chang, Hong Meiling, Wang Mengqi, Hu Ziming, Jing Chenxin, Li Chuang, Yin Chuanyu and Sivaprakash Paramasivam. Some remarks on the electrical conductivity of hydrous silicate minerals in the Earth crust, upper mantle and subduction zone at high temperatures and high pressures. Minerals, 2022, 12: 161, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020161.

(8)    Hong Meiling, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Yang Linfei and Zhang Xinyu. Pressure-induced structural phase transitions in natural kaolinite investigated by Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity. American Mineralogist, 2022, 107: 385–394.

(9)    Hu Haiying, Dai Lidong, Li Heping, Sun Wenqing, Li Baosheng. Effect of dehydrogenation on the electrical conductivity of Fe-bearing amphibole: Implications for high conductivity anomalies in subduction zones and continental crust. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2018, 49827-37.

(10)  Hu Haiying, Dai Lidong, Li Heping, Hui Keshi, Sun Wenqing. Influence of dehydration on the electrical conductivity of epidote and implications for high conductivity anomalies in subduction zones. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2017, 122: 2751–2762.

(11)  Hu Haiying, Dai Lidong, Li Heping, Hui Keshi and Li Jia. Temperature and pressure dependence of electrical conductivity in synthetic anorthite. Solid State Ionics, 2015, 276: 136–141.

(12)  Hu Haiying, Dai Lidong, Li Heping, Jiang Jianjun and Hui Keshi. Electrical conductivity of K-feldspar at high temperature and high pressure. Mineralogy and Petrology, 2014, 108: 609–618.

(13)  Hu Haiying, Li Heping, Dai Lidong, Shan Shuangming and Zhu Chengming. Electrical conductivity of alkali feldspar solid solutions at high temperatures and high pressures. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2013, 40: 51–62.

(14)  Hu Haiying, Li Heping, Dai Lidong, Shan Shuangming and Zhu Chengming. Electrical conductivity of albite at high temperatures and high pressures. American Mineralogist, 2011, 96: 1821–1827.

(15)  Hong Meiling, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Yang Linfei and Zhang Xinyu. Pressure-induced structural phase transitions in natural kaolinite investigated by Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity. American Mineralogist, 2022, 107 (3): 385–394.

(16)  Hong Meiling, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Xinyu Zhang, Chuang Li, Yu He. Pressure-induced structural phase transition and metallization of CrCl3 under different hydrostatic environments up to 50.0 GPa. Inorganic Chemistry, 2022, 61: 48524864. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03486

(17)  Hong Meiling, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Zhang Xinyu and Li Chuang. High-temperature and high-pressure phase transition of natural barite investigated by Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity. Frontiers in Earth Science2022, 10, 864183. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.864183

(18)  Sun Wenqing, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Wang Mengqi, Hu Ziming and Jing Chenxin. Experimental research on electrical conductivity of the olivine-ilmenite system at high temperatures and high pressures. Frontiers in Earth Science2022, 10, 861003,

(19)  Wang Mengqi, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Sun Wenqing, Hu Ziming and Jing Chenxin. Effect of different mineralogical proportions on the electrical conductivity of dry hot-pressed sintering gabbro at high temperatures and pressures. Minerals2022, 12, 336.

(20)  Zhang Xinyu, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Hong Meiling, Li Chuang. Pressure-induced coupled structural-electronic transition in SnS2 under different hydrostatic environments up to 39.7 GPa. RSC Advances, 2022, 12, 2454–2461.

(21)  Sun Wenqing, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Jiang Jianjun, Wang Mengqi, Hu Ziming and Jing Chenxin. Influence of saline fluids on the electrical conductivity of olivine aggregates at high temperature and high pressure and its geological implications. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2021, 9, 749896, doi: 10.3389/feart.2021.749896.

(22)  Zhang Xinyu, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying* and Hong Meiling. Pressure-induced metallic phase transition in gallium arsenide up to 24.3 GPa under hydrostatic conditions. Modern Physics Letters B, 2021, 35, 2150460, doi: 10.1142/s0217984921504601.

(23)  Hong Meiling, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying* and Zhang Xinyu. Pressure-induced structural phase transition and metallization in Ga2Se3 up to 40.2 GPa under non-hydrostatic and hydrostatic environments. Crystals, 2021, 11: 746, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070746.

(24)  Yang Linfei, Jiang Jianjun, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying*, Hong Meiling, Zhang Xinyu, Li Heping and Liu Pengfei. High-pressure structural phase transition and metallization in Ga2S3 under non-hydrostatic and hydrostatic conditions up to 36.4 GPa. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2021, 9: 2912–2918.

(25)  Dai Lidong, Hu Haiying*, Jiang Jianjun, Sun Wenqing, Li Heping, Wang Mengqi, Vallianatos Filippos and Saltas Vassilios*. An overview of the experimental studies on the electrical conductivity of major minerals in the upper mantle and transition zone. Materials, 2020, 13, 408, doi: 10.3390/ma13020408.

(26)  Dai Lidong, Hu Haiying*, Sun Wenqing, Li Heping, Liu Changcai and Wang Mengqi. Influence of high conductive magnetite impurity on the electrical conductivity of dry olivine aggregates at high temperature and high pressure. Minerals, 2019, 9, 44, doi: 10.3390/min9010044.

(27)  Zhang Xinyu, Dai Lidong*, Hu Haiying, Hong Meiling and Li Chuang. Constraints on the spin-state transition of siderite from laboratory-based Raman spectroscopy and electrical conductivity under high temperature and high pressure. Geoscience Frontiers, 2024, 15: 101918, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101918.

(28)  Yang Linfei, Dai Lidong*, Li Heping, Hu Haiying, Hong Meiling, Zhang Xinyu, Liu Pengfei. High-pressure investigations on the isostructural phase transition and metallization in realgar with diamond anvil cells, Geoscience Frontiers, 2021, 12(2): 1031-1037.

(29)  Sun Wenqing, Dai Lidong*, Li Heping, Hu Haiying, Jiang Jianjun, Wang Mengqi. Electrical Conductivity of Clinopyroxene-NaCl-H2O System at High Temperatures and Pressures: Implications for High-Conductivity Anomalies in the Deep Crust and Subduction Zone, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2020, 125(4): 0-e2019JB019093.

(30)  Yang Linfei, Dai Lidong*, Li Heping, Hu Haiying, Hong Meiling, Zhang Xinyu. The Phase Transition and Dehydration in Epsomite under High Temperature and High Pressure, Crystals, 2020, 10(2)0-75.

(31)  Hong Meiling, Dai Lidong*, Li Heping, Hu Haiying, Liu Kaixiang, Yang Linfei. Pu Chang. Structural Phase Transition and Metallization of Nanocrystalline Rutile Investigated by High-Pressure Raman Spectroscopy and Electrical Conductivity, Minerals, 2019, 9, 441, doi:10.3390/min9070441

 

已授权国家发明专利:

发明人:胡海英和代立东一种高温高压下合成含水斜长石固溶体的方法. 专利号:ZL 2021 1 1112213.X,授权日:20240227

获奖及荣誉:

中国科学院青年创新促进会第九批会员 (2019);

26届高压科学与技术国际会议获得优秀青年科学家奖 (2017);

贵州省“千”层次创新人才(2015);

中国科学院朱李月华优秀博士生奖 (2011

 

获奖及荣誉_英文:

The 26th International Conference on High Pressure Science and Technology, Excellent Young Scientist Award

 

所属部门:地球内部物质高温高压院重点实验室

 

所属部门_英文:Key Laboratory of High-temperature and High-pressure Study of the Earth’s Interior